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Network Working Group G.M. Meyer
Internet Draft Spider Systems
Expires Dec 25, 1993 Jun 1993
Routing over Demand Circuits - RIP Protocol Analysis
Status of this Memo
This memo is being distributed to members of the Internet community
in order to solicit their reactions to the proposals contained in it.
This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working
documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas,
and its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet Drafts. Internet Drafts are draft
documents valid for a maximum of six months. Internet Drafts may be
updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It
is not appropriate to use Internet Drafts as reference material or to
cite them other than as a ``working draft'' or ``work in progress.''
Please check the 1id-abstracts.txt listing contained in the
internet-drafts Shadow Directories on nic.ddn.mil, nnsc.nsf.net,
nic.nordu.net, ftp.nisc.sri.com, or munnari.oz.au to learn the
current status of any Internet Draft.
Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Abstract
As required by Routing Protocol Criteria [1], this report documents
the key features of Routing over Demand Circuits on Wide Area
Networks - RIP [2] and the current implementation experience.
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank colleagues at Spider, in particular Richard
Edmonstone and Alan Turland who developed Spider's IP RIP and IPX RIP
and SAP implementations.
Meyer [Page 1]
Internet Draft Routing over Demand Circuits - Analysis Jun 1993
1. Protocol Documents
"Routing over Demand Circuits on Wide Area Networks - RIP" [2]
suggests an enhancement to the "Routing Internet Protocol" (RIP) [3]
and "RIP-2" [4] to allow them to run more cost-effectively on Wide
Area Networks (WANs).
2. Key Features
The proposal shares the same basic algorithms as RIP or RIP-2 when
running on LANs or fixed point-to-point links; Packet formats,
broadcast frequency, triggered update operation and database
timeouts are all unmodified.
The new features operate on WANs which use switched circuits on
demand to achieve intermittent connectivity. Instead of using
periodic 'broadcasts', information is only sent as triggered updates.
The proposal makes use of features of the underlying connection
oriented service to provide feedback on connectivity.
2.1 Triggered Updates
Updates are only sent on the WAN when an event changes the routing
database. Each update is retransmitted until acknowledged.
Information received in an update is not timed out.
The packet format of a RIP response is modified (with a different
unique command field) to include sequence and fragment number
information. An acknowledgement packet is also defined.
2.2 Circuit Manager
The circuit manager running below the IP network layer is responsible
for establishing a circuit to the next hop router whenever there is
data (or a routing update) to transfer. After a period of inactivity
the circuit will be closed by the circuit manager.
If the circuit manager fails to make a connection a circuit down
indication is sent to the routing application. The circuit manager
will then attempt at (increasing) intervals to establish a
connection. When successful a circuit up indication is sent to the
routing application.
Meyer [Page 2]
Internet Draft Routing over Demand Circuits - Analysis Jun 1993
2.3 Presumption of Reachability
In a stable network there is no requirement to propagate routing
information on a circuit, so if no routing information is (being)
received on a circuit it is assumed that:
o The most recently received information is accurate.
o The intervening path is operational (although there may be no
current connection).
If the circuit manager determines that the intervening path is NOT
operational routing information previously received on that circuit
is timed out. It is worth stressing that it can be ANY routed
datagram which triggers the event.
When the circuit manager re-establishes a connection, the application
exchanges full routing information with its peer.
2.4 Routing Information Flow Control
If the circuit manager reports a circuit as down, the routing appli-
cation is flow controlled from sending further information on the
circuit.
To prevent transmit queue overflow and also to avoid 'predictable'
circuit down messages, the routing application can also optionally
limit the rate of sending routing messages to an interface.
3. Implementations
At this stage there is only believed to be one implementation.
The Spider Systems' implementation supports all the features outlined
for IP RIP-1, IPX RIP and IPX SAP. RIP-2 is not currently supported.
It has been tested against itself on X.25 and ISDN WANs. It has also
been tested in operation with various router and host RIP-1, IPX RIP
and IPX SAP implementations on Ethernet LANs.
4. Security Considerations
Security is provided through authentication of the logical and physi-
cal address of the sender of the routing update. Incoming call
requests are matched by the circuit manager against a list of physi-
cal addresses (used to make outgoing calls). The routing application
makes a further check against the logical address of an incoming
update.
Meyer [Page 3]
Internet Draft Routing over Demand Circuits - Analysis Jun 1993
Additional security can be provided by RIP-2 authentication [2] where
appropriate.
References
[1] Hinden, R., "Internet Engineering Task Force Internet Routing
Protocol Standardization Criteria", RFC 1264, Bolt Beranek and
Newman, Inc, October 1991.
[2] Meyer. G.M., "Routing over Demand Circuits on Wide Area Networks
- RIP", Internet Draft "draft-meyer-demandrouting-01.txt",
Spider Systems, May 1991.
[3] Hedrick. C., "Routing Information Protocol", RFC 1058, Rutgers
University, June 1988.
[4] Malkin. G., "RIP Version 2 - Carrying Additional Information",
RFC 1388 Draft, Xylogics, 1992.
Author's Address:
Gerry Meyer
Spider Systems
Stanwell Street
Edinburgh EH6 5NG
Scotland, UK
Phone: (UK) 31 554 9424
Fax: (UK) 31 554 0649
Email: gerry@spider.co.uk
Meyer [Page 4]